來源:網絡資源 2023-01-09 20:15:54
介詞的用法區別
⑴ 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區別:
表示時間時, in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間;
表示地點時, in表示在某個范圍之內, on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點。
如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)
I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點鐘起床)
His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)
He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)
⑵ after與in表示時間的用法區別:
“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般時態;“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于將來時態。
如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他說他六點鐘之后會來這兒)
My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個月以后從英國回來)
⑶ since與for表示時間的用法區別:
“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現在”,“for +(一段時間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時態;
如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)
Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經工作了30多年)
⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區別:
都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執行者;in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。
如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)
Please write that article(文章) in English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)
Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)
It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)
⑸ about與on的用法區別:
都可以表示“有關…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關…(專題/課程)”。
如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個美國歷史的報告)
They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談論著即將來到的野外旅游)
⑹ through與across、over的用法區別:
through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over.
如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一只老鼠跑過路面)
There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)
They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那里)
The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)
(7)as與like的區別:
兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業、職務、作用等事實,而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實。
如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親)
Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區別:
at the end of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用;
by the end of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用于過去完成時;
in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時;
to the end譯為“到…的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續性的動詞。
如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學期期末我們已經學習了第三冊16個單元)
At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)
They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)
In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)
We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應該把工作干到底)
Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區別:
for a moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續性動詞連用;
for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用于現在時;in a moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來時;
at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現在進行時。
如:Please wait for a moment.(請稍等)
Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時就維持現狀吧!)
I’ll come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)
I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)
(10)but的問題:
用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to。
如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等)
They had no choice but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰斗)
(11) except,except for,besides,other than,apart from的區別
1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”,但含義不同,except表示“從所提到的人或事物中除去,即從整體中除去一部分”,表示遞減的概念,含義是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,還有……”,指“在整體中加入一部分”,表示遞加的概念,含義是肯定的。
試比較:
①We all went except him.
除他之外,我們都去了.(他沒有去)
②We all went besides him.
除他之外,我們大家也都去了.(他也去了)
(1)besides常與other/more/else等詞連用,except常與all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等總括詞連用。
e.g. He had other people to take care of besides me.
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
(2)若句中沒有實義動詞do的某種形式,except后接動詞不定式,要加上to,而besides后接動詞的-ing形式.
Had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有實義動詞do的某種形式,二者后面都可以接動詞原形。
She has nothing to do except/besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接從句.
①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.
②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(構成短語except for)或其他介詞短語,而besides不能。
except for主要有三層含義:
①表示對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定?起部分修正主要意思的作用.
Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同類事物進行比較.
The street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首,表達except的含義.
Except for this,everything is in order.
except for后接名(代)詞,可以轉移為except+從句或其他介詞短語.
The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)
注意:二者用于否定句時含義相同,意思是一樣的.
He did nothing besides (=except) this.
除這件事外,他什么事也沒做.
2.apart from兼有besides和except for兩種含義,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞.
3.but含義與except相同,都表示遞減的概念,二者在多數情況下可以互換,但用法稍有區別。
①except可以代替but,但but并不一定都可以代替except。如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代詞或疑問詞時,多用but,后跟賓語從句時,多用except.
②but for含義有時與except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虛擬句,表示一種假設.
③but位置的變化會引起人稱代詞主、賓格的變化.
No one but I (=except me) knows it.
No one knows it but me (=except me).
4.other than含義與except/but相同,都表示從總體中除去一部分,后接名詞、代詞或不定式.
In that case,there is nothing you can do other than wait.
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